Jeff Bezos' letters to Amazon.com shareholders are a master class in thinking about business, investing, and life. Bezos' letters are a fascinating window into key moments in Amazon's history, such as the IPO, the dot-com crash, and the launch of Prime and Amazon Web Services (AWS), as seen through the eyes of the company's visionary leader. It's instructive to see how Bezos' consistent focus on a few core principles has fueled Amazon's incredible success.
In his final letter as CEO (Bezos will transition to a role as executive chairman later this year), Bezos seemed motivated to defend Amazon's reputation and perhaps his personal legacy. He addressed several of the most common criticisms of the company by stressing the importance of creating value for all stakeholders and establishing the lofty goal of being "Earth's Best Employer and Earth's Safest Place to Work." And Bezos closed with a beautiful plea to embrace your uniqueness despite the difficulty.
The world wants you to be typical — in a thousand ways, it pulls at you. Don't let it happen. You have to pay a price for your distinctiveness, and it's worth it.
We encourage you to read Bezos' letter for yourself and perhaps browse through letters from previous years to soak up some of the timeless principles that have made Amazon so successful (good news: they're pretty short!). To whet your appetite, here are three of our top takeaways from Bezos' previous letters:
1. Focus on the Long Term and Measure What Matters
From day one, Amazon has focused on the metrics that Bezos believed would lead to long-term success: customer satisfaction, brand strength, and revenue growth. Bezos knew that scale was essential to leveraging the power of Amazon's business model. By offering the widest selection of products at the lowest prices, Amazon would attract more customers to its site. The revenue from these customers would enable Amazon to lower prices further and invest to improve the customer experience, which would attract even more customers, and so on...
Wall Street analysts used to ridicule these investments because they depressed Amazon's earnings. For years, the conventional wisdom was that Amazon would never make money. But Bezos believed this approach was the best way to maximize long-term shareholder value, and he kept Amazon focused on the metrics that mattered instead of playing Wall Street's game.
We will continue to make investment decisions in light of long-term market leadership considerations rather than short-term profitability considerations or short-term Wall Street reactions.
When forced to choose between optimizing the appearance of our GAAP accounting and maximizing the present value of future cash flows, we'll take the cash flows.
2. Make Big Bets on Bold Ideas...and Don't Fear Failure
Swinging for the fences has been key to Amazon's success. Sure, there have been a few strikeouts along the way (remember the Fire Phone?), but those losses pale in comparison to home-run successes like Marketplace, Prime, and AWS.
This is reminiscent of David Gardner's investing strategy, in which outperformance comes primarily from a few multibaggers (including Amazon!). David likes to point out that the most a stock can decline is 100%, but a long-term winner can increase 10 times or more.
Given a ten percent chance of a 100 times payoff, you should take that bet every time. But you're still going to be wrong nine times out of ten.
Most large organizations embrace the idea of invention, but are not willing to suffer the string of failed experiments necessary to get there. Outsized returns often come from betting against conventional wisdom, and conventional wisdom is usually right. ... Big winners pay for so many experiments.
3. It's Always Day 1
Amazon's success stems from its "Day 1" mentality. Although it is among the most powerful companies in the world, Amazon still strives to maintain the culture of an agile and scrappy start-up. That means making quick decisions with incomplete information, correcting course as necessary, learning, and adapting.
The core principle behind Amazon's "Day 1" approach is a customer-obsessed culture. Amazon is perpetually driven to improve its services, lower its prices, and increase customer value. While the company could easily rest on its laurels, this "Day 1" mentality drives innovation and ensures that Amazon stays steps ahead of its competitors.
Day 2 is stasis.
Followed by irrelevance.
Followed by excruciating, painful decline.
Followed by death.
And that is why it is always Day 1.
Staying in Day 1 requires you to experiment patiently, accept failures, plant seeds, protect saplings, and double down when you see customer delight. A customer-obsessed culture best creates the conditions where all of that can happen.